Hematology is a branch of medicine that deals with blood and bone marrow as well as their diseases. A hematologist focuses on the study of blood, i.e. blood cells and the factors that influence its composition. Hematologists diagnose and treat conditions such as anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, and coagulation disorders.
The most common hematological disease is anemia. Anemia can affect people of all ages, but it is especially common in certain groups, such as pregnant women, children and the elderly. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that about 25% of the world’s population has anemia. The causes of anemia are varied, including iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, chronic diseases, genetic blood disorders, pregnancy, etc.
It is important to note that anemia can be effectively treated if the causes are identified and appropriate therapy is prescribed. The doctor will conduct the appropriate tests in order to make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate therapy depending on the type and cause of the anemia.
To diagnose hematological diseases, laboratory blood analyzes are mandatory, i.e. complete blood count and leukocyte formula. If necessary, the hematologist may request additional diagnostic methods such as coagulation factor testing, bone marrow puncture and/or biopsy, or lymph gland testing.